“If we stand idly by, if we seek merely swollen, slothful ease and ignoble peace, if we shrink from the hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and at the risk of all they hold dear, then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by, and will win for themselves the domination of the world.”

-Theodore Roosevelt, 1903

The fitness movement didn’t gain traction in the United States until the 1960s, but Theodore Roosevelt’s 1899 Strenuous Life speech helped spawn the subculture from which it was born. While he was the Governor of New York, Roosevelt made an impassioned speech about the virtue of hard work and tenacious effort in one’s career, politics and physical routine [1].

However, the virtues Roosevelt preached differed from the fitness revolution that emerged in the decades that followed. Roosevelt’s fitness regimen of physical labor, nature walks, and recreational boxing transformed into fitness gurus in lycra tights, chirping out inspirational bromides over pulsing music. The masculine toil over an iron axe and logs evolved into oiled up bodybuilding and dance-based calisthenics. Perhaps this is not the lifestyle Roosevelt envisioned, but his influence most certainly planted the seed of physical vitality as a quintessential American virtue.

About thirty years after Roosevelt’s famous speech, Jack LaLanne launched the first successful modern fitness campaign, producing and starring in home television fitness shows and later opening a brick-and-mortar gym franchise [2,3]. LaLanne’s empire was the inspiration for thousands of spinoffs. Now 62.5 million Americans are members of the almost 40,000 gyms across the country [4].

But how did this fitness revolution happen? There is no single explanation, but a combination of factors changed the way Americans understood personal health.

The 1940s and 50s saw major breakthroughs in medical treatments like antibiotics. The introduction of penicillin spawned antibiotics that could treat and cure previously deadly diseases [5]. In the late 1940s, fluoride was introduced to the water supply, improving dental health by reducing tooth decay.

In the midst of medical successes, a rush to put new medications into the market led to some disastrous mistakes - like the thalidomide scandal. Doctors prescribed thalidomide to treat various issues like anxiety, insomnia, and nausea. The drug had not been thoroughly tested, and after having been prescribed to pregnant patients, resulted in the disfiguration and death of thousands of infants [6,7,8].

In the 1950s, medical insurance was afforded to a much larger segment of the US population, offering a mixture of private health insurance for the wealthy and welfare for the poor. The price of medical care doubled, leaving many unable to afford insurance and healthcare. On top of this, hospitals were struggling with a shortage of doctors [8]. The nation’s confidence in the medical system plummeted from 73% in 1966 to 34% by 1980 [6].

From dissatisfaction and skepticism grew a sense of ownership over one’s own health. Suddenly the nation realized that despite medical advances, there was no, and would never be a medical panacea for aging and disease. Life expectancy lengthened, and fears shifted to the degrading body and mind. Americans were now preoccupied with preserving their youth [6].

This new outlook was accompanied by changing threats to Americans’ lives. While the new antibiotics rendered bacterial infections minor treatable conditions, a different disease took its place as the number one killer of Americans: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) [6,10]. Besides cures for other diseases paving the way for a new name on the leader board, the 1960s saw a distinct spike in CHD. The cause of this is unclear-- perhaps it was lurking behind other, now curable diseases that would otherwise take the blame for lost lives. It could also have been the changing lifestyle of Americans-- more of whom were leading sedentary lives behind desks [6,10,11].

Whatever the reason, evidence emerged that lifestyle choices like alcohol, tobacco, diet and exercise could directly affect the likelihood of contracting CHD [6]. Efforts were made to educate Americans on making healthy lifestyle choices [10]. The concept of conscious living being the best preventative medicine emerged, spawning the modern wellness revolution.

About a decade before the CHD spike, televisions became a staple in the American household. Nearly two-thirds of Americans had purchased a television set by 1955 [12]. While this piece of technology could be blamed for encouraging unhealthy, sedentary lifestyles, it can also be credited for shaking them out of it.

Jack LaLanne began his career by making home fitness videos in 1951. They first aired in his home city of San Francisco, but by 1959 appeared on television stations across America. They were so popular, one could even consider the television to be the most widespread piece of personally owned fitness equipment in history.

LaLanne’s videos were followed by household names like Jacki Sorenson in 1969 [11], Richard Simmons and Jane Fonda. All of whom skyrocketed to fame. In 1968, Dr. Kenneth H Cooper published his wildly successful book, “Aerobics.” Cooper gave aerobic fitness research-based legitimization and fueled the industry’s growth. His medical “thumbs-up” energized workout warriors in living rooms across the country.

Dr. Cooper’s awareness campaign for aerobic exercise didn’t just bring body-sculpt cardio dance into the forefront of popular culture. His work was the impetus for an entire movement of running, which flourished throughout the 1960s and 70s [6,13]. Jim Fixx’s 1977 best-seller The Complete Book of Running also helped popularize regular jogging and demonstrate its health and psychological benefits. In 1970, only 126 people entered the New York City Marathon, but by the mid-1980s, the marathon’s organizers had to cap entries at 20,000. An entire culture of running permeated the fitness industry. Enthusiasts subscribed to runner magazines, ate special runner diets, joined runner cubs and bought special equipment and attire for running [6].

Cooper’s book gave health conscious Americans exactly what they were looking for-- a guide to prolonged youth. Fitness enthusiasts were not shy about preaching the benefits of their lifestyle. Similar to Theodore Roosevelt’s claims decades earlier, they insisted it gave them an edge over less athletic colleagues. Daily workouts made people feel more energized, allowing them to work harder and faster. Endorphins born of lifting weights and morning jogs kept them feeling happy, calm and alert. Once large corporations began to recognize the benefits of a physically fit workforce they started investing in company health centers. Money started flooding the fitness market, and club gyms became a fixture of the American landscape.

Jack LaLanne’s career of normalizing fitness in the American household did not begin and end with his iconic exercise videos. He also opened a chain of fitness studios in 1936 called LaLanne European Health Spa, which he later licensed to Bally’s. LaLanne also invented the first pulley-based weight machines like calf, leg extensions and squat machines, which he never patented [2,14].

The model of the modern fitness center was largely influenced by LaLanne’s club gyms and the weight machines he populated them with. When employers caught wind of the exercise-as-preventative-medicine concept, they began investing in on-site LaLanne-style corporate gyms. Businesses were hoping a healthier workforce would curb their annual $3 billion loss caused by illness. On top of that, medical insurance premiums were rising, prompting Fortune 500 companies like Kimberly-Clark to write $2.5 million dollar checks for their own fitness centers, a staggering investment at the time [15].

Club gyms also started to proliferate, serving the rest of Americans whose employers didn’t provide a corporate fitness center. Vic Tanney’s gyms were popular as early as the 1950s and 60s, but after an aggressive expansion bankrupted the business, the path was paved for the fitness giants that are still around today. Joe Gold founded Gold’s Gym in Venice, California in 1965, which grew into the World Gym Chain in 1977 [16]. 24 Hour fitness was founded in 1983 and was eventually acquired for $1.6 billion [17]. LA Fitness was founded in 1984, and LaLanne opened up over 200 club locations before licensing to Bally Company [16].

In 1989, 13,047 gyms were open in the United States, selling a collective total of 19.5 million gym memberships [4]. Health clubs became the modern agora of the physically fit. To some, the locker room was an extension of the board room [15]. To others, the gym floor was an emporium of like minded people ready to be chatted up [18]. People went to the gym out of a sense of virtue and self-improvement, but stayed for the social atmosphere. The group aspect of group fitness kept people coming back.

Home gym equipment began appearing on the market around the same time as club gyms. Arthur Jones invented The Blue Monster in the late 1960s, which he later sold to Nautilus in 1986 [19]. Jerry Wilson improved upon the traditional Nautilus weight machine by replacing heavy plates with rubber straps in 1978. He named it the Soloflex, and its lightweight appeal in the home gym market sold 30,000 units in 1984. Bowflex also dominated the market with a similar design that used a system of polymer rods, or “power rods” to provide resistance [20]. Tom Campanaro designed The Total Gym in 1974, and launched a company around it in 1976 [21]. William Staub brought the home exercise treadmill to market in the 1970s, and was able to move 2,000 units per year by the mid-1980s [22].

As the 20th century came to a close, the fitness equipment industry grew steadily. Equipment manufacturers shipped $771 million in home fitness equipment in 1988, which grew to $3.5 billion over the next 18 years. Modern equipment like the elliptical hit the market, and commodities like the stair climber fell out of fashion. Stationary bike sales plummeted from 3.1 million units sold to 900,000 between the late 80s and late 90s, while treadmill sales climbed from 800,000 units sold to 3.1 million in the same decade [20].

Similar patterns continued throughout the early aughts, but as a whole, the fitness equipment industry was growing larger and stronger every year. In 2006, the industry was valued at $4.7 billion, but not because large gyms were buying equipment in bulk. Only 24% went to club gyms-- the remaining 76% was personal home gym sales [20].

One would think there would be competition between home fitness and group fitness, but the relationship between the two fitness categories is far more complex and symbiotic. The home fitness industry and club fitness industry seem to exist and grow in harmony together. It may be one of the few industries where there is truly enough room for both competitors to thrive. This may be because these two products serve very distinct markets and needs.

At first glance, it seems that club gyms and home gym manufacturers are both selling fitness, health, wellness, hope and even sex. But that’s not really what they’re selling. Club gyms are selling community. Home gyms are selling privacy and convenience.

Club gyms offer a physical space where, upon entering, your mindset realigns to the task at hand: your fitness goals. People who feel the need to go to a gym to exercise are similar to people who try not to watch TV in bed, or eat meals outside the dining room. They are sanctuary seekers. They prefer to transition from task to task both mentally and physically. They thrive on social pressure for accountability. Their workouts are fueled by inspiration from the like minded people around them and a sense of obligation to execute on what they came to the gym to do.

Home gyms offer privacy and complete autonomy. There are countless reasons why people like to exercise alone. Maybe they’re embarrassed to work out in front of people they perceive as more experienced or judgmental. Maybe they don’t want to have to commute, and would prefer to jump on their personal equipment at any time of day. Home gym buyers are not looking for accountability. They’re not looking to broadcast the ugly, sweaty side of physical fitness. They want to make their physical transformation like a caterpillar in metamorphosis.

Yes, both club and home gyms are health and wellness focused. And their marketing campaigns appear very similar at the surface. But they are occupying very different markets, and appeal to very different demographics. For club gyms to survive, they need to keep their customer base engaged and committed to renewing their memberships. Home gym manufacturers do not have the same burden. They only need to make the sale once. Then it is up to the consumer to decide if they’ll follow through. Many times, people buy a home gym, but can’t maintain an effective fitness regimen on their own, so they wind up joining a gym anyway.

For years people have been looking for the secret behind fitness motivation. Why are some people able to rise from their beds every morning and push their bodies to physical extremes while some people can’t help but hit the snooze button? Exercise is unpleasant for everybody. There are certainly some who enjoy it more than others, but when the entire point is physical strain, even the most dedicated fitness junkies will admit that the best part is finishing.

So what have we found out about the psychology behind working out? Some studies suggest the most explicit determinant of how and why a person chooses to exercise is their age. As we age, our priorities shift. The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) suggests that older individuals are motivated by the present, while younger individuals are motivated by future-oriented goals. Older demographics seek to deepen existing relationships and make meaningful connections with people in their lives. Younger demographics tend to be more motivated by self-improvement-- whatever will contribute to their vision of personal success-- whether it be education, social and professional connections, physical beauty etc [23].

After analyzing patterns in the preferences of senior adults, one study found they are motivated by meaningful social interactions. They were twice as likely to partake in physical activity if it meant socializing with friends and family. Many seniors prioritize companionship and opportunities to cultivate their relationships, and when asked about what would entice them to exercise, they overwhelmingly responded with this request.

The same study found younger adults to also be motivated by social connections, but only as a means to achieve their personal goals. The social interaction that motivates younger demographics seems to be related to networking or encouragement. For example, a sense of competition will physically motivate a younger person to exercise more than a deep conversation [24].

While home and club gym fitness markets have existed in harmony for the past 50 years, advancements in technology and design are beginning to close the gap in target audience. The community that club gyms offer is a major asset. Studies show that (no matter what demographic you fit into) exercising with other people is better for your emotional well-being. Exercising with others has shown to have significantly better mental health impact than exercising alone [25]. Group fitness can also stimulate a sense of competitiveness, which can contribute to motivation, and a more effective workout.

Advancements in fitness wearables and digital class platforms offer the psychic and engagement benefits of the group fitness experience, with all the convenience of home gyms. Livestream exercise classes with high production value provide an effective group experience. Instead of a trainer pacing through their class, urging participants to work harder, coaches can monitor their participant’s efforts and milestones remotely. All while encouraging them through the screen. They can even give digital high fives and callouts. Live leader boards stimulate a sense of competition, and results can be distilled down to shareable infographics. Suddenly, a class of 1,200 doesn’t feel so big.

Peloton has led the charge to overtake the club gym. Since debuting their stationary bike in 2012, they’ve added a treadmill, weights and digital app to their product family. After doubling the number of subscribers from 2017, Peloton boasted a 4 percent lead over their club gym competitor, SoulCycle, in unique customers [26].

Other home gyms have produced something similar to Peloton. NordicTrack has implemented iFit into its family of fitness equipment. Not only does it offer live streamed classes, it offers pre-recorded classes with instructors leading picturesque outdoor activities. While you’re running on your treadmill, your instructor is running up a mountainous dirt path. The settings on your treadmill can even reflect the terrain you’re viewing. While this may not directly encroach on the community aspect of club gyms, it certainly demonstrates the potential to blow club gyms out of the water. Once VR headsets shrink down to a comfortable size, NordicTrack’s content could provide a convincing running, rowing, and biking buddy.

The COVID Pandemic is fundamentally disrupting the equilibrium between the club and home gym markets, forcing fitness enthusiasts to make substantial investments in fitness equipment in order to bridge a one year or more hiatus in access. A substantial number of these former gym members will never return, as they seek to amortize their sunk costs through long-term usage.

This trend is exacerbated by equipment manufacturers bundling services like live and pre-recorded classes along with a physical product, further blurring the distinction between the home and club gym experience. People are willing to pay enormous amounts of money upfront for their home gym, and even more for the subscriptions and benefits that can be added on. While large home gym equipment has always been expensive, it has never equaled that of an entire year’s gym membership.

The most basic NordicTrack treadmill will cost you $1,398 upfront, or $117 per month for a year. That is almost as much as you’ll be paying for an annual membership to Crunch Fitness. The most basic Peloton bike package will burn a $2,245 hole in your wallet (plus tax and delivery). That costs upwards of $187 per month for twelve months. The most basic Equinox package-- a notoriously expensive club gym-- costs only seven dollars less than that. Some budget club gyms like Planet Fitness only charge $10 per month for a basic membership. A basic Peloton package could buy you twenty years at Planet Fitness. After investing upwards of $2,200 on a Peloton bike, giving up and joining a gym is not an option for most people.

Now, in the era of COVID-19, club gyms have been forced to close. Many gyms have been offering live Zoom workout classes or live streaming classes online. But the longer the shutdown persists, the more people are turning to home fitness equipment to keep them moving. Gym memberships are being canceled and replaced with personal equipment and subscription services.

Many cities planned to reopen in June 2020, only three months after shutting down in March. However, as of the date of this writing, the country is in the midst of a second wave of infections across the country, further delaying the re-opening of gyms. Massive protests spurred by the murder of George Floyd further encourage people to stay close-to-home. A vaccine is still far off. Even when cities do reopen, people will be wary of high-risk environments. Gyms are enclosed spaces, teeming with bodily fluids and chances for infection. There is no amount of Lysol wipes, face masks and social distancing parameters that will enable a return to normalcy in the foreseeable future.

The longer the lockdown persists, the more the home gym market will supplant the club gym. There is little doubt that the post-pandemic “new normal ” for the club gym industry will be far smaller than its pre-pandemic scale.

Home gym equipment was already having a powerful moment before COVID-19 shut the world down. Now it is dominating the fitness industry. But even with all the innovation that has landed these products on the cutting edge of design, they still come up short in their aesthetic quality.

Peloton bikes, NordicTrack rowers, Bowflex ellipticals all look out of place in the domestic environment. While their design is clearly well-executed, and they look great in a club gym setting, their shape and material finish is inconsistent with every living room and bedroom they wind up in.

People who have large houses with extra bedrooms, or space in their basement or garage can hide their equipment. But many Americans don’t have this luxury, or exercising in their unfinished basement is so unappealing that they’d rather leave their equipment in the middle of their living space. But when juxtaposed with an upholstered sofa or a bedside table, these black and silver objects look cold and alien.

Some manufacturers have attempted to solve this problem with collapsible equipment. These objects are meant to be easy to store under a bed or in a closet. Unfortunately, most of these products are not easy to maneuver. Every telescoping pole or hinge is an opportunity for instability. Nobody wants to exercise on shaky equipment. And after a rigorous workout, nobody wants to struggle with pins and levers to break down their device.

But there is another solution that doesn’t involve sacrificing your interior decorating sensibilities. Fitness equipment could be designed to look like furniture. Between furniture-like form factors and material choices, it wouldn’t be difficult to change the face of home gyms. They could simply be hidden in plain sight.

The “coffee table test” is a term used by designers to describe an object that somebody would consider beautiful enough to display on their coffee table. If a product does not pass the coffee table test, it requires a redesign. I submit that all fitness equipment fails the coffee table test. Despite this failure, people are forced to display these objects on their “coffee tables,” for lack of a better option. There is a gap in the market for fitness equipment that fulfills the aesthetic needs of home exercisers.

For my graduate thesis project I set out to combine material choices and form inspired by household furniture with exercise equipment.

I began by studying playgrounds as a case study. Playgrounds, and play in general, prompts people to move their bodies. I wanted my exercise equipment to possess similar qualities. Ones that might make exercise less of a chore. Where some movements might resemble play more than a monotonous grind.

I explored the psychology behind play in both children and adults, and tried to understand what prompts the kind of uninhibited excitement and drive that accompanies active play activities. Richard Dattner explained in his book, Design for Play in 1974, that play is an expression of human freedom. Play is freedom. It is the opposite of work and must be completely voluntary. If the goal of play is anything other than playing itself, it does not qualify as play. That’s not to say there aren’t productive outcomes of this activity. For example, the functional play theory hypothesizes play is practice for adult tasks, improves fine motor skills, and rehearses social interactions.27 It became apparent that it is impossible to trick people into exercising through play. As soon as play becomes goal-oriented, it becomes training. Ambulation during play must be completely voluntary and spontaneous. Therefore play can sometimes be exercise, but intentional exercise cannot be play.

It became apparent that encouraging spontaneous play is less of an industrial design problem and more of a physiological task. But that didn’t mean exercise couldn’t be playful, so I spoke at length with playground designer, Jay Beckwith, about various types of playgrounds and the apparatus that are on them. This laid the framework for the ideation phase that would follow.

Much of my early research focused on obesity and cardiovascular disease, and the most efficient ways to combat the sedentary lifestyles that caused them. It became apparent that, like play, influencing people to participate in a specific activity is not an industrial design problem. Manipulating a person’s desire to exercise is a deeply psychological issue. One that cannot be solved by redesigning a physical object. So I turned my attention to designing exercise equipment for people who would like to exercise, and researched how to make that experience more effective and enjoyable.

While researching exercise methods for novice exercisers, I spoke to Doctor Grayson Wickham, PT, DPT, CSCS. In our interview, Dr. Wickham explained the similarities between sedentary individuals and athletes who participate in only one type of exercise movement. Both types of people generally don’t move very well. Neglecting bodily movement diminishes mobility and flexibility, and neglecting all but a few muscle groups has the same consequence.

Mobility is the most important foundation for physical fitness. When Dr. Wickham is training inexperienced clients, he begins by improving their mobility before adding demands like weight, increased intensity, and decreased rest between each set. A good movement foundation means every joint in the body is moving appropriately, specific muscles can be activated around each joint, and each joint has an adequate range of motion.

We spoke about the ideal exercise machine and the limitations of current products. External support like padded seats and backrests on weight machines limit body movement. They are too restrictive and isolate muscles in a fixed range of motion. The best exercises give people the freedom to move their body, or isolate muscles by tightening and controlling their own body without an external support or frame. Dr. Wickham’s favorite weight machine is the plate loaded cable machine, which has two sets of independent cables on both sides. The user sets the height of the cable and pulls against the weight. The cable is flexible, and forces the user to tighten their muscles to control their form. The resistance can also be achieved with elastic resistance bands instead of lead plates.

When asked about his preference for cardio exercise machines versus resistance strength training machines, Dr. Wickham preferred strength training. Both types of exercise are essential for physical health, but strength training is far less accessible than cardio.

The major takeaway from this interview was the need for a strength training machine that enables the body to move freely while pushing and pulling against an adjustable level of resistance.

Dr. Kieth Diaz, assistant professor of behavioral medicine at Columbia University, has a different perspective on what’s most important in physical fitness. He doesn’t view mobility as the key building block to physical health. He views physical health from the perspective of cardiovascular health-- studying what happens to this critical organ when a person exercises in different ways. While he agrees that mobility is incredibly important, he believes the most important thing is to simply get up and move the body. Diaz has observed a tendency in the fitness world to make exercise unnecessarily complex. Physical activity at any intensity will have health benefits, and the field of exercise physiology is starting to endorse a light-intensity high-frequency regimen. He believes the key to fitness is just getting started. People who maintain an exercise routine tend to enjoy it more than those who frequently quit and restart.

Diaz takes the emphasis off reinventing and over complicating fitness. For a piece of equipment to be successful, it simply needs to get people moving. Nothing fancy. An apparatus that guides simple but effective exercises could make fitness less daunting. Adding resistance is a bonus, and will keep users engaged as they progress.

Make It Beautiful

Home exercise equipment doesn’t look right in the home environment. Gym equipment is large and qualifies as household furniture. However, it is not designed with its non-exercise furniture counterparts in mind. Until now, designers have not considered how this equipment looks in living rooms. They have not utilized forms, materials and finishes that blend with common household furnishings.

I began designing by experimenting with traditional household furnishings and modifying them to afford various exercise behaviors. Once I discovered the most effective exercise mechanism-- one that can mimic the form of household furniture, provide a full-body workout, and function without over-isolating muscle groups-- I focused on modifying its aesthetics to compliment contemporary living rooms.

Discoveries

Discoveries

Discoveries

Printed form experiments. I selected the fourth experiment to move forward with.

I chose to make the third prototype out of steel rods to achieve this organic shape. The plan was to make a literal wireframe. Then I could cover it with cardboard or other quick prototype material to further modify the form. I could make cosmetic alterations while the steel frame maintained the prototype’s ability to bear weight and undergo testing. Steel seemed like a good material to experiment with the form in full scale because it could easily be cut, bent and re-welded into new shapes. However, as soon as I finished cutting and shaping all the parts, I realized I had made a huge mistake.

Considering my eight years of welding and metalworking experience, I am still bewildered that I didn’t foresee the issues I would have with this plan. MIG welding with quarter-inch steel rod is far from precise. The first issue is bending. It is very difficult to achieve identical curves in multiple rods on a manual bender. I tried tacking rods together and bending them as a group. This helped, but there were too many rods to do it all in one go, so I had to bend two separate groups. The rods were not identical, and their variable spring-back added to their inconsistency.

The second issue is the warping that results from the heat of welding. If you want to construct a precise shape, you need to construct a jig-- or a structure that you can clamp your material to so it doesn’t warp as it cools from the weld. The organic shapes in the expanding bench made this nearly impossible under my time constraints. I clamped as many points as I could to the welding table and heavy blocks, but there was still plenty of warping.

As these issues dawned on me, the country was becoming more aware of the impending threat of COVID-19. The deadline for our third work-in-progress thesis presentation was also approaching. I had no choice but to make it work. I finished the prototype, but there were so many issues with it (beyond the imprecise construction) that I didn’t bother covering it with cardboard and experimenting with cosmetic changes. Below is a list of discoveries gathered while making and testing the prototype.

Discoveries

a. The first concept was to have resistance bands (or springs) extending from both end units and both sides of the middle unit. The bands would connect to one another. I experimented with connection types, which resulted in these (unfortunate looking) spiral and peg connectors.

b. I later realized I only needed a resistance band extending from the end units and hooking onto the middle unit. I developed the connection inspired by ball chain connectors. The concept evolved into the ball and keyhole mechanism that I refined during phase 4.

Discoveries

How It Works

The Groove has three levels of resistance. You can engage one band for the least amount of tension, or two or three bands for a more difficult workout.

Removable seats reveal the inner mechanism for storage and easy access to your resistance bands.

Parts And Accessories

Resistance Band Training

Resistance band training is incredibly diverse, and incorporates the four pillars of fitness: aerobic, strengthening, stretching, and balance. All are important in maintaining physical health.

When you buy a home gym, you are only investing in the exercises that machine can provide. Unlike treadmills and stationary bikes, the Groove enables a dynamic full-body workout.

We all know how important it is to find a fitness regimen that compliments our unique lifestyles. We should be realistic about what physical health means to each individual, and how we choose to manage our lives and our living spaces. Taking care of ourselves goes beyond caring for our bodies, but our surroundings as well. We shouldn’t have to sacrifice one for the other. The Groove fits into your daily schedule and your living room.

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